THE ADAPTATION PROCESS OF TERMS BORROWED INTO UZBEK FROM RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

This article examines the linguistic mechanisms, socio-cultural factors, and functional tendencies underlying the process of adapting borrowed terms from Russian andEnglish into the Uzbek language. Borrowing terminology is a natural phenomenon in the development of any language, especially those undergoing modernization, globalization, and technological transformation. The research analyzes phonological, morphological, semantic, and pragmatic adaptation strategies and highlights the typological differences in the assimilation of Russian-origin terms, which entered the Uzbek lexicon during the Soviet period, and English-origin terms, which have been increasingly borrowed in the post-independence era. It is concluded that although both Russian and English terms integrate into the Uzbek language system, the motives, adaptation intensity, morphological flexibility, and semantic shift tendencies differ. The study also identifies the emerging trend of hybrid terminology, code-mixing, and semantic nativization in professional discourse such as IT, economics, medicine, and education.