CALCULATIONS FOR HEAT EXCHANGER EXPANSION BELLOWS MADE OF B443 (UNS N06625) MATERIAL

This paper presents the minimum design requirements for bellows expansion joints used as integral components of heat exchangers and other pressure vessels. These requirements apply to single-or multi-layer bellows (unreinforced, reinforced, or toroidal, as shown in Figure 2), subjected to internal or external pressure and cyclic displacement. The bellows must consist of one or more identically formed convolutions and may be either as-formed or annealed. The suitability of an expansion joint for specified design pressure, temperature, and axial displacement is determined using the methods described herein.